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Trees --- Identification --- RSA Republic of South Africa --- Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) --- 57.082.13 --- 630*174 --- 635.055 --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- 635.055 Trees (woody plants with trunks) --- Trees (woody plants with trunks) --- 57.082.13 Identification and marking of specimens --- Identification and marking of specimens --- 630*174 Embryophyta. Siphonogamia. Spermatophyta. Phanerogams. Seed-plants in general. Dendrology --- Embryophyta. Siphonogamia. Spermatophyta. Phanerogams. Seed-plants in general. Dendrology

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This publication is the result of more than six years of hard work by a dedicated group of European urban forest and tree experts. The editors are indebted to the national experts of COST Action E12 ‘Urban Forests and Trees’ and to the others who have contributed to the various chapters in this publication. Ultimately, 59 authors from 21 European countries feature in this book. The European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST) and in particular its Secretariat deserve our gratitude for their support in establishing an active European community of urban forestry experts. In our work to prepare this publication, we have been assisted by Karen Sejr, who provided crucial editorial support. We are also grateful to Jette Abel, Birgit Brynjolf, Jette Alsing Larsen, and other colleagues at the Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, KVL. Without their contributions, the work could never have been completed. Words of gratitude also go to the publisher, Springer, who have supported the idea to publish a first European reference book on urban forests and urban trees from the very start, and who showed patience during the long production process.

Urban forestry --- Forest management --- Trees in cities --- City trees --- Street trees --- Urban trees --- Trees --- Urban plants --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Forests and forestry --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- City forestry --- Forestry, Urban --- Urban forests --- Arboriculture --- Urban vegetation management --- Management --- Administration --- Control --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Forestry -- Forest Trees --- ALLW. --- Regional planning. --- Landscape ecology. --- Geography. --- Forests and forestry. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Geography, general. --- Forestry. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Biogeosciences. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Ecology --- Regional development --- Regional planning --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Land use --- Planning --- City planning --- Landscape protection --- Government policy --- Bosbeheer --- Bosbouw --- Groenvoorziening (groenbeleid) --- Stadsbomen --- 635.055 --- 635.055 Trees (woody plants with trunks) --- Trees (woody plants with trunks) --- Urban planning. --- Geobiology. --- Biology --- Biosphere --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Urban forestry - Europe - Planning --- Forest management - Europe --- Trees in cities - Europe